12/11/2023 0 Comments Science of reading scope and sequence![]() ![]() Instruction in reading fluency should include assisting students in developing their ability to use typical speech patterns and appropriate intonation while reading aloud. The practice of developing fluency in children includes reading accuracy, reading rate, and reading expression. Reading fluency is reading text with sufficient speed and accuracy to support comprehension. Phonics is a key component to reading because decoding is the foundation upon which all reading instruction is built upon. Phonics is a method of teaching students how to connect the graphemes (letters) with the phonemes (sounds) and how to use this letter/sound relationship to read and spell words. Phonemic awareness is a crucial skill for all students learning to read and there is a greater emphasis for phonemic awareness in kindergarten and first grade. Phonemic awareness is recognizing that words are composed of individual sounds that can be blended together for reading and pulled apart or segmented for spelling. The National Reading Panel (NRP) Report in 2000 identified instruction in the following five elements as the most important skills students need to become proficient readers. This approach is beneficial to ALL students, not just those with dyslexia or reading difficulties. The most effective decoding (word reading) instruction is a structured and explicit phonics-based approach. ![]() So…how do we build this phonological assembly region in the human brain? The Science of Reading research has shown that a child’s brain needs to first know the different sounds in spoken language and then be able to connect these sounds to written letters and then blend the sounds to make words (decoding). (American Psychological Association, 2014 Hruby & Goswami, 2011: Shaywitz & Shaywitz, 2004 Shaywitz & Shaywitz 2008). This system must be built through instructional experiences. No one is born with this neural system that connects both vision and speech. The phonological assembly region connects vision and speech and is the system that enables reading. Almost everyone is born with this visual part of the brain intact. ![]() The orthographic processor is located towards the back of the brain on the left side. Almost everyone is born with this language area intact. The phonological processor is located towards the front of the brain on the left side. There are 3 areas of the brain that involve reading (Sandak, Mencl, Frost, & Pugh, 2004 Houde, Rossi, Lubin, & Joliot, 2010). ![]()
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